Wednesday, June 26, 2013

Understanding SPF and Sunscreens by Emily Shiflett, Aesthetician

Summer is just around the corner, and this usually means a lot of time spent outside swimming, sports, and other fun activities. If you are not applying sunscreen while outside you may be doing harmful damage to your skin. Sunscreen is a product that works by reflecting and or absorbing some of the suns ultraviolet, or UV, radiation, and can come in the form of liquid, gels, sticks, sprays, or powder. The suns rays are divided into three categories- UVA, UVB, and UVC. UVC radiation does not reach Earth because of the ozone layer in the atmosphere. UVB rays are also known as "the tanning rays" and only effect the epidermis, or the first layer of the skin. Most sunburn cases are from UVB rays. The rays that penetrate to the dermis, or the second layer of the skin, are UVA rays. These rays go deeper into the skin causing premature aging. Unlike UVB rays, UVA rays can go through glass damaging your skin while indoors or driving. Both types of rays are causes in skin cancer and premature aging. Understanding SPF is important for protecting your skin against these harmful rays.

SPF, or Sun Protection Factor, is the number given to show the protection a sunscreen offers. An SPF number is determined by measuring the amount of UV rays it takes a sun sensitive person to burn without the use of sunscreen, and then is redone with the use of sunscreen. The time found using the sunscreen is divided by the time found without the use of sunscreen to find the SPF. Easier put, if someone typically burns in one hour, applying SPF 15 would allow them to stay in the sun 15 times longer than without the protection. By multiplying an SPF number and the amount of time it takes for you to burn without the use of sunscreen determine the maximum time you should spend in the sun. These numbers however are not accurate because sunscreen is usually not applied correctly. The rays are also more intense in the summer season and during certain hours in the day. Use a broad-spectrum SPF that is between 15-30. Be aware that anything above 50 can give a false sense of protection from the suns rays since an SPF 15 offers about 93% protection while an SPF 100 offers about 99%. The difference is not significant. Not properly protecting your skin from the suns rays can result in damage to the appearance of the skin, and also lead to more serious changes.

Too much sun exposure can lead to damage such as hyperpigmentation, wrinkles, and even skin cancer. As you get a tan, the skin produces more melanin (skin containing more melanin has a darker appearance) to protect itself from the harmful UV rays. Sometimes it produces an uneven amount of melanin creating uneven skin tone and hyperpigmentation. Other damage can happen when the blood vessels dilate from sun exposure giving the skin a reddish appearance. The suns UV radiation breaks down collagen and elastin found in the dermis, or the second layer of the skin. When this breakdown happens the skin losses its flexibility and strength causing sagging skin and deep wrinkles. Every time your skin is exposed to the sun unprotected it changes structure making it harder for the body to fight off cancerous cells. Two common types of skin cancer are basal cell and squamous cell cancer. Melanoma is less common, however it's the most dangerous type of skin cancer. Applying sunscreen correctly is critical to help avoid these damaging changes from the sun.

Application of your sunscreen is important to ensure you are protected from the sun. With so many different types of sunscreen available in the stores, how can you tell which one is right? First be sure your sunscreen is broad-spectrum meaning it protects against both UVA and UVB rays. When shopping for sunscreen, also know that there is no difference between ones marketed towards children and ones towards adults. Make sure the SPF is 15 or higher, and SPF 30 or higher for those with fair complexions. A 'shot glass' full of sunscreen is recommended for covering the body, and remember to cover the scalp, ears, and lips which are often forgotten with application. Reapplying of sunscreen needs to be done every two hours, or more if swimming or working outdoors since no sunscreen is completely waterproof. So the sunscreen can properly bind to the skin, apply when it is cool and dry. Don't apply while already in the sun since it takes about twenty minutes to be absorbed completely.

Some sunscreens on the market contain chemicals and other toxic ingredients that should be avoided. Oxybenzone is one ingredient that works by absorbing UV light, however has been shown to absorb into the skin and may be linked to causing hormonal changes in the body. Oxybenzone is an ingredient approved by the FDA, but only for those older than six months. Another potentially harmful ingredient found in several sunscreens is Retinyl Palminate. This ingredient is a type of vitamin A that may possibly increase the risk of skin cancer when on sun exposed skin. Protect your skin from the suns rays and toxic chemicals by choosing a broad-spectrum natural sunscreen.

At Alternatives we offer sunscreens with natural ingredients such as Epionce Ultra Shield Lotion SPF 50, and Epionce Active shield lotion SPF 30. These products are broad-spectrum and also have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Containing zinc oxide, these sunscreens are safe and effective at protection from the sun. Come check out our other natural sunscreen products we have to offer at Alternatives, and don't let sunburn ruin your fun this summer!

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